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Appellation d'origine contrôlée
The ''appellation d'origine contrôlée'' (AOC) ((:a.pɛ.la.sjɔ̃ dɔ.ʁi.ʒin kɔ̃.tʁo.le)), which translates as "controlled designation of origin", is the French certification granted to certain French geographical indications for wines, cheeses, butters, and other agricultural products, all under the auspices of the government bureau ''Institut national des appellations d'origine'', now called Institut national de l'origine et de la qualité (INAO). It is based on the concept of ''terroir''.
==History==
The origins of AOC date to the year 1411, when Roquefort was regulated by a parliamentary decree. The first French law on viticultural designations of origin dates to August 1, 1905,〔(EC-ASEAN Intellectual Property Rights Co-operation Programme, Unit 4. Trademarks and Geographical Indications ) (by Professor Michael Blakeney, October 2007), p. 52〕 whereas the first modern law was set on May 6, 1919, when the Law for the Protection of the Place of Origin was passed, specifying the region and commune in which a given product must be manufactured, and has been revised on many occasions since then . On July 30, 1935, the ''Comité National des appellations d'origine'' (CNAO), with representatives of the government and the major winegrowers, was created to manage the administration of the process for wines at the initiative of deputy Joseph Capus. In the Rhône wine region Baron Pierre Le Roy Boiseaumarié, a trained lawyer and winegrower from Châteauneuf-du-Pape, successfully obtained legal recognition of the "Côtes du Rhône" appellation of origin in 1937. After World War II the committee became the public-private ''Institut National des Appellations d'Origine'' (INAO). The AOC seal was created and mandated by French laws in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. On July 2, 1990, the scope of work of the INAO was extended beyond wines to cover other agricultural products .
AOCs vary dramatically in size. Some cover vast expanses with a variety of climatic and soil characteristics, while others are small and highly uniform. For example, the Côtes du Rhône AOC "covers some , but within its area lies one of the smallest AOCs, Château-Grillet, which occupies less than of land."
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